Tuesday, October 22, 2013

The earthly ministry of Jesus thru last Passover Seder


This study is a basic schematic chart, starting from the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River up until the disciples prepare to eat the final Passover with Him in the city of Jerusalem. Although there are parallel and chronological bibles on the market, I thought it would be interesting to construct a basic flowchart of the more interesting and important events during Jesus’ three and one-half year earthly ministry. There are instances in which the gospel narrators are in consistent agreement, not only with what happened, but with the order in which it happened. At the same time there is inconsistency and wide divergence in what is reported; as well as places where an entire section of occurrences is omitted or missing. Since most Bible scholars believe Mark’s gospel is the earliest, I have used him as Matthew’s source but in Luke’s case I consider his source to be independent of the other two. As a helpful tool I use superscript numbers in parenthesis to show where an event occurred in the particular individual gospel, irrespective of where it falls on the chart.

This is just a simple tool as an aid to hermeneutical study or Biblical research, and not as it were, some kind of authoritative or scholarly work. I find it is useful to see the information gaps in certain places and try to perhaps figure out why the author left it that way, and in another case there is information inserted at a particular point where no other writer even refers to it at all. For instance, why does Luke’s gospel mention so much about the Samaritans, or Jesus dining with Pharisees; who were his sources and where did they live? Mark/Matthew leave quite a gap of information after the disciples complaint to Jesus about someone casting out demons in His name until the narratives resume with Jesus being asked about the law on divorce while in the region of Judea [Luke’s gospel fills in this gap]. Interestingly, Luke’s gospel has a noticeable omission after recounting Jesus feeding the five thousand with 5 loaves and 2 fish, but it resumes with Peter confessing Jesus as the Christ [Messiah-“Anointed One”] in Caesarea Phillippi. However, between these two examples, the Mark/Matthew omissions appear, at least to me, to be the more substantive; and I am curious as to why they are this way. Be that as it may, these differences and variations don’t impugn the reliability of the gospels or the veracity of revealed truth; albeit from the recollections and orally transmitted accounts handed down by those who witnessed firsthand these things, and entrusted to faithful men and women to carry forth the message to future generations of believers and nonbelievers alike.

 
Robert Randle
776 Commerce St. #B-11
Tacoma, WA 98402
October 22, 2013
robertrandle51@yahoo.com

Sunday, October 20, 2013

Gog, Magog and the destruction of Israel

There are many various interpretations of who are the nations and people who will usher in Armageddon, the final battle between “good and evil” where God will intervene, destroy Satan and the demons in a ‘lake of fire’ and restore Israel to unsurpassed glory and preeminence. To set all of this in motion will be a series of global events, not the least of which will be an invasion against the Jewish people by a coalition of the damned/doomed, led by one called Gog, prince of Magog. Although I am not entirely sure which tribal nations make up this military offensive first-strike, which for them will be MAD (“Mutually Assured Destruction”), still these groups are comprised of Indo-European descendants of Noah’s son, Japheth.

JAPHETH- The progenitor of the Indo-European peoples who lived to the farthest north and west of Israel.

(GENESIS 10: 2-8)

JAPHETH (Gomer-Magog-Madai-Javan-Tubal-Meshech-Tiras).
GOMER (Ashkenaz-Ripath-Togarmah)
JAVAN (Elishah-Tarshish-Kittim and Rodanium )

NOTE: The sons of Japheth are the maritime or seafaring people.

Gomer- Cimmerians/Indo-European people from southern Russia who settled in Cappadocia in Asia Minor [Turkey]. He was the father of the Scythians who dispossessed the ‘Cimmerians’ from their home in Russia.

-Cappadocia- south of Pontus about 300 miles from Galatia eastward toward “Armenia” (land of ‘Ararat’), with Cilicia and the Taurus Mountains to the south. Today the region is in central Turkey, which is 98% Muslim.
-Scythians- Nomadic, Indo-European people, speaking an Iranian (Persian) dialect.
-Armenia- Is referred to as the “land of Ararat” (‘Urartu’) of which modern Turkey, Iran, and Soviet Armenia occupy parts of this ancient land area.

Madai- Ancestor of the Medians or “Medes” (Iranians/Persians); the region south and southwest of the Caspian Sea on the Zagros mountains, inhabited by an ‘Aryan people’ from the north and west. It is north of Elam and west of Assyria.

Javan- The original ancestor of Greek people.
Tubal- Ancestor of a people, likely of Cappadocia or Cilicia in Asia Minor [Turkey].
Meshech- A people of Asia Minor frequently associated with ‘Tubal.’ (Cp. Ezekiel 32: 26; 38: 1 – 40).
Tiras- Possibly thought to be the “Etruscans” of Italy.
Ashkenaz- Ancestry of a people usually associated with the Scythians (Nomadic, Indo-European people, speaking an Iranian (Persian) dialect).
Riphath- Ancestor of an ‘Anatolian’ tribe [Turkey].
Togarmah- The name of a region of Asia Minor and is likely modern ‘Gurun’ 70 miles west of Malatya, or an area in “Armenia” (land of ‘Ararat’).
Elishah- Island of Cyprus mainland of Greece (“Mycenean culture”) and Phoenician trade route.
Tarshish- Ancestor of the Aegean people, most likely of Tartessus at the southern tip of Spain, but possibly Tarsus of Cilicia [home of the apostle Paul in Turkey].
Kittim- Tribal name for the island of Cyprus [Elishah].
Rodanium/Dodanium- Identified with a Greek-speaking people.

NOTE: Reference-Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, Holman Bible Publishers, 2003, Nashville, TN.

Ezekiel 38: 1-2a, 5-6
The word of the LORD came to me: “Son of Man, set your face against Gog, of the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal. Persia, Cush and Put will be with them, all with shields and helmets, also Gomer with all its troops, and Beth Togarmah from the far north with all its troops- the many nations with you. 

Ezekiel 38: 8b, 11-12a, 18-19, 22b
In future years you will invade a land that has recovered from war, whose people were gathered from the nations to the mountains of Israel, which had long been desolate. They had been brought out from the nations and now all of them dwell in safety. You will say, “”I will invade a land of unwalled villages; I will attack a peaceful and unsuspecting people- all of them living without gates and bars. This is what will happen in that day: When Gog attacks the land of Israel, My hot anger will be aroused, declares the Sovereign LORD. In My zeal and fiery wrath I declare that at that time there shall be a great earthquake in the land of Israel. I will pour down torrents of rain, hailstones and burning sulfur on him and on his troops and on the many nations with him.

Ezekiel 39: 6, 9, 12-13, 25, 27
I will send fire on Magog and on those who live in safety in the coastlands, and they will know that I am the LORD. Then those who live in the towns of Israel will go out and use the weapons for fuel and burn them up- the small and large shields, the bows and arrows, the war clubs and spears. For seven years they will use them for fuel. For seven months the house of Israel will be burying them in order to cleanse the land. And the people of the land will bury them, and the day I am glorified will be a memorable day for them, declares the Sovereign LORD. Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: I will now bring Jacob back from captivity and will have compassion on all the people of Israel, and I will be zealous for My holy name. When I have brought them back from the nations and have gathered them from the countries of their enemies. I will gather them to their own land, not leaving any behind.

Revelation 20: 7-10
When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his prison and go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth- Gog and Magog- to gather them together for the battle. In number they are like the sand on the seashore. They marched across the breadth of the earth and surrounded the camp of God’s people, the city He loves. But fire came down from heaven and devoured them. And the devil, who deceived them, was thrown into the lake of burning sulfur, where the beast and false prophet had been thrown. They will be tormented day and night forever and ever.

COMMENTARY: The nationalities of seafaring peoples descended from Noah’s son Japheth consists of those from southern Russia, Armenians (“land of Ararat”), Scythians and Medes (Iranians/Persians or Aryan speaking people), Greeks (Aegeans, people of Cyprus), and Etruscans (Italy). It does seem that the leader of the invading forces against Israel in the Last Days will be a coalition led by Greek states, along with Persia (Iran), Cush (southwestern limits of Persian power or land south of Egypt-Sudan), Put (Libya; a region of Africa bordering Egypt),  and Beth Togarmah (Armenia /”land of Ararat”). It seems quite plausible that with the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, some of the independent Balkan states might be home to radical Muslim extremists who hate Israel. With unrest in Chechnya, as well as political and economic instability in Bosnia, Croatia, and other countries [Eastern Europe, Africa, Central Asia, Middle East, etc.,], including Pakistan and bordering nations, the one thing many of them have in common is their feelings about the State of Israel. With the ever-present threat from al-Qaida in these regions and elsewhere, Biblical prophesies just might come true in such a dramatic fashion that one can only conclude the END is not only nigh, but it is here at last!

 
Robert Randle
776 Commerce St. #B-11
Tacoma, WA 98402
October 20, 2013
robertrandle51@yahoo.com

 

The Arrest of Jesus


Matthew 26: 47-55
While He was still speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, arrived. With him was a large crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests and elders of the people. Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: “The one I kiss is the man; arrest him. Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” And kissed Him. Jesus replied, “[Friend, do what you came for].” Then the men stepped forward, seized Jesus and arrested Him. With that, one of Jesus’ companions reached for his sword, drew it out and struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his ear. [“Put your sword back in its place,” Jesus said to him, “for all who draw the sword will die by the sword. Do you think that I cannot call on My Father, and He will at once put at My disposal more than twelve legions of angels?”] But how then would the Scriptures be fulfilled [that say it must happen this way?”] At that time Jesus said to the crowd, “Am I leading a rebellion, that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture Me? Every day I sat in the temple courts teaching, and you did not arrest Me. But this has all taken place that the writings of the prophets might be fulfilled.” Then all the disciples deserted Him and fled.

Mark 14: 43-51
Just as He was speaking, Judas, one of the Twelve, appeared. With him was a crowd armed with swords and clubs, sent from the chief priests, [the teachers of the law], and the elders. Now the betrayer had arranged a signal with them: “The one I kiss is the man; arrest him [and lead Him away under guard]. Going at once to Jesus, Judas said, “Greetings, Rabbi!” And kissed Him. The men seized Jesus and arrested Him. Then one of those standing near drew his sword and struck the servant of the high priest cutting off his ear. “Am I leading a rebellion,” said Jesus, “that you have come out with swords and clubs to capture Me? Every day I was with you, teaching in the temple courts, and you did not arrest Me. But the Scriptures must be fulfilled.” Then everyone deserted Him and fled. [A young man, wearing nothing but a linen garment, was following Jesus. When they seized him, he fled naked, leaving his garment behind.]

NOTE: Why was this last verse placed here because it doesn’t seem relevant to the narrative?

Luke 22: 47-53
While He was still speaking, a crowd came up, and the man who was called Judas, one of the Twelve, was leading them. He approached Jesus to kiss Him, [but Jesus asked him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?” When Jesus’ followers saw what was going to happen, they said, “Lord, should we strike with our swords?] And one of them struck the servant of the high priest, cutting off his right ear.  But Jesus answered, [“No more of this!”] and [He touched the man’s ear and healed him]. Then Jesus said to the chief priests, the officers of the temple guard, and the elders who had come for Him, “Am I leading a rebellion that you have come with swords and clubs? Every day I was with you in the temple courts, and you did not lay a hand on Me. [But this is you hour-when darkness reigns].”

John 18: 1-12
When He had finished praying, Jesus left with the disciples and crossed the Kidron Valley. On the other side there was an olive grove; He and His disciples went into it. Now Judas, who betrayed Him, knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with His disciples. So Judas came to the grove, guiding a detachment of soldiers and some officials from the chief priests and Pharisees. They were carrying torches, lanterns, and weapons. [Jesus, knowing all that was going to happen to Him, went out and asked them, “Who is it you want?” “Jesus of Nazareth,” they replied. “I am He,” Jesus said. (And Judas the traitor was standing there with them.) When Jesus said, “I am He,” they drew back and fell to the ground. Again He asked them, “Who is it you want?” And they said, “Jesus of Nazareth.” “I told you that I am He,” Jesus answered. “If you are looking for Me, then let these men go.” This happened so that the words He had spoken would be fulfilled: “I have not lost one of those you gave Me (Cp. 6: 39).”] [Then Simon Peter, who had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s servant, cutting off his right ear. (The servant’s name was Malchus). Jesus commanded Peter, “Put your sword away! Shall I not drink the cup the Father has given Me?”]. [Then the detachment of soldiers with its commander] and the Jewish officials arrested Jesus.

ANALYSIS (contrast/comparison):
Since John’s gospel doesn’t name this olive grove like the “synoptic” authors did, it would be interesting to observe what happened there before Jesus was arrested by the officials sent from the Jewish religious authorities.

-Jesus tells the disciples to sit while He goes over there to pray (Matthew 26: 36; Mark 14; 32).
-Jesus took Peter and the two sons of Zebedee (Matthew 26: 37); Peter, James and John (Mark 14: 33).
-My soul is overwhelmed with sorrow to the point of death (Matthew 26: 38; Mark 14: 34).
-Father, may this cup pass from Me (Matthew 26: 39).
-Jesus prayed, My Father if it would be possible that this cup pass from Me (Matthew 26: 42: Mark 14:36; Luke 22: 42). An angel appeared from heaven and strengthened Him (Luke 22: 43). And being in anguish He prayed more earnestly, and His sweat was like drops of blood falling to the ground (Luke 22: 44).
-Jesus returned and found the disciples sleeping and told them to watch and pray that they not fall into temptation (Matthew 26: 41: Mark 14: 37). Jesus tells His disciples to pray that they don’t fall into temptation (Luke 22: 40, 46).
-Jesus prayed a third time saying the same thing, as far as asking that He be spared from the ordeal of crucifixion (Matthew 26: 44; Mark 14: 39).
-Jesus finds the disciples sleeping a third time (Matthew 26: 40, 43, 45: Mark 14: 41).

John’s narrative about Jesus’ arrest in the garden of Gethsemane or the olive grove at the Mount called Olivet, is quite interesting. In Chapter 13, Judas Iscariot is revealed as the betrayer of Jesus but the other disciples didn’t catch on to that point, even after Jesus said to Judas, “What you are about to do, do quickly” (John 13: 21-29). Jesus taught His final lesson from that chapter until Chapter 17, where He started praying and ended it in John 18: 1. It doesn’t seem that Jesus and His disciples ever got a chance to share in the Passover Feast. The events after Jesus and the disciples entered the garden up until the moment when Judas came with the soldiers to arrest Jesus are curiously omitted in this narrative. Not only that, but the encounter between Jesus and this mob are in stark contrast to the other accounts. Even the role of Judas Iscariot in this final encounter is quite muted and doesn’t fit the portrayal as the most blatant betrayer that points out Jesus to the rabble by identifying Him with a kiss.

 
Robert Randle
776 Commerce St. #B-11
Tacoma, WA 98402
October 15, 2013
robertrandle51@yahoo.com

Thursday, October 17, 2013

The Biblical origin of Christianity


Christianity, at least the practice of religious faith and history that has been handed down to us by Ecclesiastical Church fathers and biblical historians covering roughly the past two thousand years ago, doesn’t tell the whole story.  To begin with it did not have its beginnings in Rome, Italy of Western Europe. To make a long story short, Christianity, as it pertains to non-native Jews and Gentiles outside of Judea, began in the country of Syria (Acts 11: 19-21, 26). In fact, the Church at Antioch, where believers were first called “Christians” was west of the town of Aleppo, where some of the fighting between the military of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and rebel anti-government had been taking place in contemporary times. This Antioch Church became headquarters for the great missionary expedition of Barnabas and Saul [Apostle Paul]. The Holy Spirit commissioned the two church leaders to the work and this is the first time in the entire Bible that the Holy Spirit is recorded to have spoken audibly to anyone. The places that were evangelized are located in Turkey [Galatia] mostly, with Greece/Acaia [Macedonia] next, and lastly, a few places in Eastern Europe.

This will probably come as a surprise or shock to most readers of this article. In order to verify whether this is true or not, start with the place names in Acts 2: 19 all the way through Revelation 3: 14 and reference them in a current Bible Dictionary [HOLMAN]. Afterwards, use the Bible map of the Roman Empire that is included at the back references in most bibles and compare the geographical shape and boundaries to Google maps of Northern Africa and the Middle East, and also Europe. The Apostle Peter, who is traditionally considered the first Bishop of Rome doesn’t seem to have visited Rome, but the closest he may have gotten was Corinth, which in Achaia, south of Greece (1 Corinthians 1: 12; 9: 5). As far as correspondence to believers, in his epistles or letters, the recipients were located in parts of Turkey (1 Peter 1: 1).

The Apostle Peter, one would think should have had a more prominent role in the affairs of the Church (Matthew 16: 17-18; John 21: 15-17), but he didn’t; at least from the Scriptural accounts of his life. James, the Lord’s brother, became the head of the Jerusalem Church (Acts 12: 17; 21: 18; Galatians 1: 9, 19; 2: 9, 12), and even in his first epistle, presumably written from Rome (Babylon), he mentions about being a fellow elder, one among others, and not as the head Elder/Bishop [Pope] of the Church or congregation (1 Peter 5: 1-2a, 13). The word used to translate “elder” might refer to Peter’s age or experience as opposed to any official title; since he always referred to himself as an Apostle of Jesus Christ (1 Peter 1: 1; 2 Peter 1: 1). Certainly the Apostle Paul had an impact on Christianity, especially with his voluminous writings; and in fact, without such documents Christianity as experienced throughout the world, would not exist in the form we know today.

As a final point, Christianity is NOT a separate, exclusively non-Jewish religion but rather the opposite; it is a part of the Jewish faith or rather, the fulfillment or culmination of it through Jesus Christ of Nazareth, the Jewish Messiah (Romans 11: 1-32; Ephesians 2: 11-16).
 
Robert Randle
776 Commerce St. #B-11
Tacoma, WA 98402
October 17, 2013
robertrandle51@yahoo.com